A Genealogist’s Guide to Deciphering Old German Script - The Writers For Hire

A GENEALOGIST’S GUIDE TO DECIPHERING OLD GERMAN SCRIPT If you’ve ever dabbled in genealogy, you know that reading the print on old documents can be a daunting task. Not only is the writing hard to read (especially on documents that have not been well maintained), but the formation of the letters is often different from what we see today. Well, if you think that is hard, just wait until you attempt to decipher old family records that were written in German! Before the 1940s, most of the records in German-speaking areas were printed in a Gothic font called Fraktur. And the handwritten documents were a cursive variation of this Fraktur, which means they are even more complicated to read. Even if you are proficient in the German language, these old documents often look like they were written in chicken scratch. No need to worry, though. While reading these documents is definitely tricky, it is not impossible. There are a lot of tricks to help you learn to â€Å"crack the Fraktur code.† Just check out this great article from Family Tree Magazine for some helpful hints, as well as a great list of online tools dedicated to making your research a little less intimidating.

Definitions and Examples of Merisms in Rhetoric

Definitions and Examples of Merisms in Rhetoric Merism (from the Greek, divided) is a  rhetorical term for a pair of contrasting words or phrases (such as near and far, body and soul, life and death) used to express totality or completeness. Merism may be regarded as a type of synecdoche  in which the parts of a subject are used to describe the whole. Adjective: meristic. Also known as a universalizing doublet and merismus. A series of merisms can be found in marriage vows: for better for worse, for richer for poorer, in sickness and in health. English biologist William Bateson adopted the term merism to characterize the phenomenon of Repetition of Parts, generally occurring in such a way as to form a Symmetry or Pattern, [which] comes near to being a universal character of the bodies of living things (Materials for the Study of Variation, 1894). British linguist John Lyons used the term complementary to describe a similar verbal device: a dichotomized pair that conveys the concept of a whole. Examples and Observations There is a working class- strong and happy- among both rich and poor; there is an idle class- weak, wicked, and miserable- among both rich and poor. (John Ruskin, The Crown of Wild Olive, 1866)Young lions and pumas are marked with feeble stripes or rows of spots, and as many allied species both young and old are similarly marked, no believer in evolution will doubt that the progenitor of the lion and puma was a striped animal. (Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, 1871)Most people, including most academics, are confusing mixtures. They are moral and immoral, kind and cruel, smart and stupid- yes, academics are often smart and stupid, and this may not be sufficiently recognized by the laity. (Richard A. Posner, Public Intellectuals: A Study of Decline. Harvard University Press, 2001)[Sir Rowland Hill] introduced the Penny Postage . . .. This introduced the concept where the sender of a letter was responsible for paying for it, and this would be a nation al service from John O’Groats to Lands End. (Peter Douglas Osborn, The Birmingham Murder Most Foul That Left Its Stamp on History. Birmingham Post, September 28, 2014) Words for Words Sake Merism, ladies and gentlemen, often looks like antithesis, but its different. Merism is when you dont say what youre talking about, and instead name all of its parts. Ladies and gentlemen, for example, is a merism for people, because all people are either ladies or gentlemen. The beauty of merism is that its absolutely unnecessary. Its words for words sake: a gushing torrent of invention filled with noun and noun signifying nothing. (Mark Forsyth, The Elements of Eloquence: How to Turn the Perfect English Phrase. Icon Books, 2013) Merism in the Bible It may very well be that the Bible, as organized, functions as a merism, beginning in Genesis with Eden lost and ending in Revelation with the New Jerusalem gained, these two referring to the entirety of human history and representing the Alpha and Omega (Rev. 21.6) of Gods sovereignty. Revelation 11.17 extends merism to the triadic one who is, was, and is coming. Finally, while it may be to stretch a point, it might be said that the Old Testament and the New Testament form a merism that represent all of Gods word and the Bible as totality. (Jeanie C. Crain, Reading the Bible as Literature: An Introduction. Polity Press, 2010) Here and There, Now and Then Personal now refers to the moment of utterance (or to some period of time which contains the moment of utterance). The complementary demonstrative adverbs there and then are negatively defined in relation to here and now: there means not-here and then means not-now. (John Lyons, Linguistic Semantics: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press, 1995)

Reading response and discuss question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading response and discuss question - Essay Example ies remains extremely authoritative in establishing interpretive strategies for increasing audience acceptance and influencing their view of a masterpiece film. In exploring cultural construction of masterpiece films, Luckett critically evaluated Fantasia during its original release and reissues by examining the film’s publicity, reviews, and marketing. According to Luckett’s analysis, the film produced by Disney starred mainly due to its open publicity in road shows, use of modern technology including home theater appliances, and its receptions based on culture. For instance, based on application of new technologies, Disney decided to help the audience construct a home culture by establishing home theatre systems and video libraries as opposed to watching films in cinema theatres (Luckett 233). It is indispensable to note that the technique increased sales (Luckett 231). There exists an imperative culture and social context behind acceptance of a new film by audience. Reception studies remains authoritative in understanding particular social and historical aspects associated with audience interpretation and consequent response to a film. In publication and review of a film, it is domineering for a production company to establish public culture in relation to their interpretation and understanding of films. Representing audience interests in relation to gender questions, culture, and social expectations is imperative in construction a public culture that would assist in making a film masterpiece. Therefore, does publicity and review of a film inherently a film affect its consequent audience